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Table extraction

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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr">Table extraction is the process of recognizing and separating a <a href="Table_(information)" title="Table (information)">table</a> from a large document, possibly also recognizing individual rows, columns or elements.

It may be regarded as a special form of <a href="Information_extraction" title="Information extraction">information extraction</a>.

Table extractions from <a href="Webpage" class="mw-redirect" title="Webpage">webpages</a> can take advantage of the special <a href="HTML_element" title="HTML element">HTML elements</a> that exist for tables, e.g., the "table" tag,

and programming libraries may implement table extraction from webpages.

The <a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a> <a href="Pandas_(software)" title="Pandas (software)">pandas</a> software library can extract tables from HTML webpages via its read_html() function.

More challenging is table extraction from <a href="PDF" title="PDF">PDFs</a> or <a href="Image_scanner" title="Image scanner">scanned images</a>, where there usually is no table-specific machine readable markup.<a href="#cite_note-Table_Extraction_and_Understanding_for_Scientific_and_Enterprise_Applications-1">[1]</a>

Systems that extract data from tables in scientific <a href="PDF" title="PDF">PDFs</a> have been described.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a>

<a href="Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> presents some of its information in tables,

and, e.g., 3.5 million tables can be extracted from the <a href="English_Wikipedia" title="English Wikipedia">English Wikipedia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a>

Some of the tables have a specific format, e.g., the so-called <a href="Infobox" title="Infobox">infoboxes</a>.

Large-scale table extraction of Wikipedia infoboxes forms one of the sources for <a href="DBpedia" title="DBpedia">DBpedia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a>

Commercial <a href="Web_service" title="Web service">web services</a> for table extraction exist, e.g., <a href="Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a> Textract, <a href="Google" title="Google">Google's</a> <a href="Document_AI" title="Document AI">Document AI</a>, <a href="IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> Watson Discovery, and <a href="Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> Form Recognizer.<a href="#cite_note-Table_Extraction_and_Understanding_for_Scientific_and_Enterprise_Applications-1">[1]</a>

Open source tools also exist, e.g., PDFFigures 2.0 that has been used in <a href="Semantic_Scholar" title="Semantic Scholar">Semantic Scholar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a>

In a comparison published in 2017, the researchers found the proprietary program <a href="ABBYY_FineReader" title="ABBYY FineReader">ABBYY FineReader</a> to yield the best PDF table extraction performance among six different tools evaluated.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> In a 2023 benchmark evaluation,<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Adobe Extract,<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> a cloud-based <a href="API" title="API">API</a> that employs Adobe’s Sensei <a href="Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">AI</a>-platform,<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> performed best among five tools evaluated for table extraction.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFDouglas_BurdickMarina_DanilevskyAlexandre_V_EvfimievskiYannis_Katsis2020" class="citation journal cs1">Douglas Burdick; Marina Danilevsky; Alexandre V Evfimievski; Yannis Katsis; Nancy Wang (August 2020). "Table extraction and understanding for scientific and enterprise applications". Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment. International Conference on Very Large Data Bases. 13 (12): 3433–3436. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.14778%2F3415478.3415563">10.14778/3415478.3415563</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2150-8097">2150-8097</a>. <a href="WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108170445" class="extiw external" title="d:Q108170445">Q108170445</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFWenhao_YuWei_PengYu_ShuQingkai_Zeng2020" class="citation book cs1">Wenhao Yu; Wei Peng; Yu Shu; Qingkai Zeng; Meng Jiang (19 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3366423.3380174">Experimental Evidence Extraction System in Data Science with Hybrid Table Features and Ensemble Learning</a>. pp. 951–961. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F3366423.3380174">10.1145/3366423.3380174</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-4503-7023-3</bdi>. <a href="WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108172460" class="extiw external" title="d:Q108172460">Q108172460</a>.</cite> <code class="cs1-code">{{cite book}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> ignored (help)

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<li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBenno_KruitHongyu_HeJacopo_Urbani2020" class="citation book cs1">Benno Kruit; Hongyu He; Jacopo Urbani (1 November 2020). Tab2Know: Building a Knowledge Base from Tables in Scientific Papers. <a href="Lecture_Notes_in_Computer_Science" title="Lecture Notes in Computer Science">Lecture Notes in Computer Science</a>. pp. 349–365. <a href="ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.13306">2107.13306</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-030-62419-4_20">10.1007/978-3-030-62419-4_20</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-3-030-62419-4</bdi>. <a href="WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101086651" class="extiw external" title="d:Q101086651">Q101086651</a>.</cite> <code class="cs1-code">{{cite book}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> ignored (help)

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<li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFTobias_BleifußLeon_BornemannDmitri_V._KalashnikovFelix_Naumann2021" class="citation journal cs1">Tobias Bleifuß; Leon Bornemann; Dmitri V. Kalashnikov; Felix Naumann; Divesh Srivastava (17 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2929/paper4.pdf">"The Secret Life of Wikipedia Tables"</a> (PDF). Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Search, Exploration, and Analysis in Heterogeneous Datastores. CEUR Workshop Proceedings: 20–26. <a href="WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108215401" class="extiw external" title="d:Q108215401">Q108215401</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFSören_AuerChristian_BizerGeorgi_KobilarovJens_Lehmann2007" class="citation book cs1">Sören Auer; Christian Bizer; Georgi Kobilarov; <a href="Jens_Lehmann_(scientist)" title="Jens Lehmann (scientist)">Jens Lehmann</a>; Richard Cyganiak; <a href="Zachary_G._Ives" title="Zachary G. Ives">Zachary Ives</a> (2007). DBpedia: A Nucleus for a Web of Open Data. <a href="Lecture_Notes_in_Computer_Science" title="Lecture Notes in Computer Science">Lecture Notes in Computer Science</a>. pp. 722–735. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-540-76298-0_52">10.1007/978-3-540-76298-0_52</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-3-540-76297-3</bdi>. <a href="WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27910422" class="extiw external" title="d:Q27910422">Q27910422</a>.</cite> <code class="cs1-code">{{cite book}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> ignored (help)

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<li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFChristopher_ClarkSantosh_Divvala2016" class="citation cs2">Christopher Clark; Santosh Divvala (2016), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7559577">PDFFigures 2.0: Mining figures from research papers</a>, Proceedings of the 16th ACM/IEEE-CS on Joint Conference on Digital Libraries - JCDL '16, <a href="WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108172042" class="extiw external" title="d:Q108172042">Q108172042</a></cite>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFAndreiwid_Sheffer_CorrêaPär-Ola_Zander2017" class="citation cs2">Andreiwid Sheffer Corrêa; Pär-Ola Zander (7 June 2017), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3085228.3085278">Unleashing Tabular Content to Open Data: A Survey on PDF Table Extraction Methods and Tools</a>, <a href="Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>, <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F3085228.3085278">10.1145/3085228.3085278</a>, <a href="WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108173686" class="extiw external" title="d:Q108173686">Q108173686</a></cite>

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<li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFMeuschkeJagdaleSpindeMitrović2023" class="citation cs2">Meuschke, Norman; Jagdale, Apurva; Spinde, Timo; Mitrović, Jelena; Gipp, Bela (2023), Sserwanga, Isaac; Goulding, Anne; Moulaison-Sandy, Heather; Du, Jia Tina (eds.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-031-28032-0_31">"A Benchmark of PDF Information Extraction Tools Using a Multi-task and Multi-domain Evaluation Framework for Academic Documents"</a>, Information for a Better World: Normality, Virtuality, Physicality, Inclusivity, vol. 13972, Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, pp. 383–405, <a href="ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.09957">2303.09957</a>, <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-031-28032-0_31">10.1007/978-3-031-28032-0_31</a>, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-3-031-28031-3</bdi></cite>

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<li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developer.adobe.com/document-services/apis/pdf-extract/">"Adobe PDF Extract API"</a>. Adobe. Retrieved 2024-03-15.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://business.adobe.com/products/sensei/adobe-sensei.html">"Experience Cloud AI Services with Adobe Sensei"</a>. Adobe. Retrieved 2024-03-15.</cite>

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This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2024-04-27" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Table_extraction&oldid=1220996109">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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